Jean Arp Essays - Dada, Art Movements, Jean Arp, Tristan Tzara

Jean Arp ?Workmanship is an organic product that develops in man, similar to a natural product on a plant, or a kid in its mom's belly,? once remarked Jean Arp- - an exceptional twentieth-century stone worker, painter and artist related with and a progenitor of the Dada and Surrealist developments. The cutting edge craftsman was conceived on September 16, 1887 in Strasbourg, France, where he learned at the Ecole des Arts et M?tiers. In 1905, he moved to the Weimar Academy and afterward to Paris at the Acad?mie Julian in 1908, and ensuing to graduation continued his work of art in Weggis, Switzerland in segregation. By 1912, Jean Arp had become related with the Blaue Reiter, or Blue Rider, a gathering of Expressionist craftsmen in Munich, where he displayed ?semi-metaphorical? drawings and turned out to be very much familiar with individual craftsman Wassily Kandinsky. In 1913, he showed with another gathering of Expressionists at the first Hebrstsalon- - or Autumn Salon, a craftsmanship display - in Berlin. Mindful of the advancements inside the French vanguard through his contacts with so much specialists as Apollinaire, Max Jacob and Sonia and Robert Delaunay in 1914, Arp introduced his first modified works and paper patterns in Z?rich in 1915 and masterminded his first shallow wooden reliefs and structures of string nailed to canvas. In 1915, the craft of Jean Arp comprised of theoretical and rakishly designed embroidered works of art and drawings, yet before long developed as he turned into the fellow benefactor of the progressive Dadaist school of specialists in Z?rich, Switzerland with Tristan Tzara and Hugo Ball. His recognizable theoretical and curvilinear structures appeared in 1917, and in 1919 he proceeded with his Dadaist depictions with Ernst in Cologne before taking an interest in the Berlin Dada display of 1920. Jean Arp wedded Sophie Tauber in 1922, during a period where he was generally remarkable for his painted wooden bas-reliefs and silly cut-cardboard developments. He settled with his better half at Meudon in 1927, when he took an interest in the Surrealist development and had his initial exclusive display at the Galerie Surr?aliste in Paris. He at that point left behind Surrealism to turn into a fellow benefactor of Abstraction-Creation in 1931, when his trademark natural structures turned out to be progressively extreme and geometrical. During the 1930s, Jean Arp started to work in unattached model, cutting and trim an assortment of substances. A case of his smooth, biomorphic structures is the marble Human Concretion, 1935, situated in the Mus?e National d'Art Moderne in Paris. Arp was industrious in remedying workmanship pundits regarding the idea of his figures; he demanded that his pieces were ?concrete? instead of ?theoretical?, since they consumed space, and that workmanship was a characteristic age of structure - ?an organic product that develops in man?, as he had expressed. Jean Arp visited the United States in 1949 and 1950 to complete a grand wood and metal help for Harvard University; in 1958, he formed a wall painting alleviation for the UNESCO Building in Paris. He was granted the universal prize for mold at the Venice Biennale in 1954 and the 1964 Pittsburgh International. Arp passed on June 7, 1966 in Solduno, Switzerland, made due by his subsequent spouse, Marguerite Arp-Hagenbach. A prevailing character inside unique craftsmanship, Dada and Surrealism, his reliefs and figures have had an unequivocal impact upon the model of this century. List of sources: www.artcyclopedia.com www.artchive.com Jean Arp Essays - Dada, Art Movements, Jean Arp, Tristan Tzara Jean Arp ?Craftsmanship is an organic product that develops in man, similar to a natural product on a plant, or a kid in its mom's belly,? once remarked Jean Arp- - a surprising twentieth-century stone carver, painter and artist related with and an ancestor of the Dada and Surrealist developments. The vanguard craftsman was conceived on September 16, 1887 in Strasbourg, France, where he learned at the Ecole des Arts et M?tiers. In 1905, he moved to the Weimar Academy and afterward to Paris at the Acad?mie Julian in 1908, and resulting to graduation continued his artistic creation in Weggis, Switzerland in seclusion. By 1912, Jean Arp had become related with the Blaue Reiter, or Blue Rider, a gathering of Expressionist craftsmen in Munich, where he displayed ?semi-allegorical? drawings and turned out to be very much familiar with individual craftsman Wassily Kandinsky. In 1913, he showed with another gathering of Expressionists at the first Hebrstsalon- - or Autumn Salon, a craftsmanship display - in Berlin. Mindful of the improvements inside the French cutting edge through his contacts with so much craftsmen as Apollinaire, Max Jacob and Sonia and Robert Delaunay in 1914, Arp introduced his first digests and paper patterns in Z?rich in 1915 and organized his first shallow wooden reliefs and organizations of string nailed to canvas. In 1915, the specialty of Jean Arp comprised of theoretical and precise designed embroidered works of art and drawings, however before long developed as he turned into the fellow benefactor of the progressive Dadaist school of craftsmen in Z?rich, Switzerland with Tristan Tzara and Hugo Ball. His recognizable unique and curvilinear structures appeared in 1917, and in 1919 he proceeded with his Dadaist depictions with Ernst in Cologne before taking an interest in the Berlin Dada display of 1920. Jean Arp wedded Sophie Tauber in 1922, during a period where he was generally prominent for his painted wooden bas-reliefs and silly cut-cardboard developments. He settled with his better half at Meudon in 1927, when he took part in the Surrealist development and had his initial small time display at the Galerie Surr?aliste in Paris. He at that point left behind Surrealism to turn into a fellow benefactor of Abstraction-Creation in 1931, when his trademark natural structures turned out to be increasingly serious and geometrical. During the 1930s, Jean Arp started to work in unsupported model, cutting and embellishment an assortment of substances. A case of his smooth, biomorphic structures is the marble Human Concretion, 1935, situated in the Mus?e National d'Art Moderne in Paris. Arp was diligent in adjusting workmanship pundits with respect to the idea of his models; he demanded that his pieces were ?concrete? as opposed to ?theoretical?, since they consumed space, and that craftsmanship was a characteristic age of structure - ?a natural product that develops in man?, as he had expressed. Jean Arp visited the United States in 1949 and 1950 to complete a grand wood and metal alleviation for Harvard University; in 1958, he formed a wall painting help for the UNESCO Building in Paris. He was granted the global prize for mold at the Venice Biennale in 1954 and the 1964 Pittsburgh International. Arp kicked the bucket on June 7, 1966 in Solduno, Switzerland, made due by his subsequent spouse, Marguerite Arp-Hagenbach. A predominant character inside theoretical workmanship, Dada and Surrealism, his reliefs and models have had an unequivocal impact upon the figure of this century. List of sources www.artcyclopedia.com www.artchive.com Expressions and Painting

Need to write a paper on a Role - Play assignment Essay

Need to compose a paper on a Role - Play task - Essay Example Furthermore, I suggest for a foundation of a focal wellspring of intensity and data. This will stop the current numerous solicitations for comparable data (Ramos 26). If Torres handles this undertaking, coordination will establish a tone for quality work in the committee. With respect to third grievance of the inability to comply with time constraints and going to gatherings, I recommend that the representatives submit recorded as a hard copy on what is anticipated from them at explicit courses of events. Hardened punishments, for example, admonitions and excusal letters must be put on workers who neglect to meet the prerequisites of the administration. This will guarantee that the staff individuals follow with the time set for the morning gatherings and all the cutoff times set regardless of their direness. Fourthly, the administration should make it understood to the workers on who Torres is in the organization and that she ought to be given all the regard that she merits paying little mind to her sex and racial connection. In order to lessen the odds that the new representatives are unfaithful to Torres, I recommend that they report to her every morning and night with obviously composed advancement on their work. Close by their composed introductions, the new laborers should likewise guarantee that they additionally get reactions from the old staff on how the organization has been running preceding their coming in and what they ought to imitate from them. This move will permit the new staff move with the pace set by Torres before their agreement with the organization. On the off chance that this administration plan is actualized, it is normal that the city chamber will have another look that will drive the workers towards fulfilling the normal needs of the administration, and the administration driving the gathering true to form. This arrangement will likewise diminish any types of inclination that may exist in the organization as sexual just as racial

Porter Five Forces Airlines Essay

Dangers of Substitutes (Low) Item that ready to speak to other item capacity can be characterized as substitute item (Wheelen and Hunger, 2002). As of now, there are no ideal substitutes for carrier administration, as aircraft administration has the best scope of goal, time-productive and comfort. Be that as it may, the way that trains and air-transports are substitute is valid, yet the risk might be high if it’s applied in household travel. As of now, the danger of substitutes for aircraft industry is low. With respect to the dangers, Airline Company should keep enhance their administration to forestall an ideal substitute. 2.2.2 Power of Buyer (Moderate-Low) The intensity of purchaser can be characterized as the capacity of clients to influence an industry. This view has been bolstered in crafted by Coulter (2008). The haggling intensity of purchaser in aircraft industry is moderately low on the grounds that the quantity of purchasers for this administration is colossal and continues expanding (IATA, 2010). Moreover, because of various claim to fame of nations, clients will in general go abroad for specific reason that the goal nation is acceptable at (for example Singapore great at Medication), along these lines, going abroad in some way or another is turning out to be a piece of the way of life today. Subsequently, this can likewise be viewed as the administration is basic for specific clients which further down the dealing intensity of purchaser. Taking a gander at another factor which is web, it permits clients to handily make a correlation through data and value straightforwardness and change to other aircraft administration. In gen eral, the dealing intensity of purchaser is as yet moderate to low, so association can accept this open door to offer incredible assistance and charge premium cost. 2.2.3 Power of Supplier (High) As indicated by Collis and Montgomery (1997), intensity of provider can be characterized as the capacity of providers to influence an industry. The intensity of providers in carrier industry is moderately high, as fuel is one of the significant traits for aircraft administration. This can be viewed as the cost of fly fuel cost has risen 8% from January while the utilization of aircraft continues expanding (IATA, 2010). Furthermore, as the accessibility of substitute for fuel has not been discovered the haggling intensity of provider is still high. Notwithstanding, theâ availability of jatropha-based-fuel will before long be accessible subbing the fly fuel-based which will diminish the bartering intensity of provider later on (Bloomberg Energy Finance, 2012). In addition, the haggling intensity of providers in carrier industry is additionally diminished by the accessibility of web. By the utilization of web, one can buy their provisions from providers around the globe with no land li mits. Thus, at present the intensity of provider in this industry is high. For this situation, aircraft firms might need to make great and long haul relationship with their providers to pick up favorable circumstances. 2.2.4 Threats of New Entrants (Low) Dangers of new contestants are the impact from potential participants that influences an industry. As indicated by Lynch (2009), potential contestants frequently come to commercial center when the hindrance to passage is low and when net revenues are extraordinary. In aircraft administration industry, the hindrance is generally high because of prerequisites of high capital in entering the business (for example venture on terminal and plane). Besides, as there are as of now a few in number players in the business, it is difficult to enter and built up at the market since brand character in carrier administration should be acceptable and clear as it is engaged with security (clients won't utilize obscure aircrafts as it would be dangerous). Consequently, it will compel the new participants to spend additional money to promote more to battle the solid existing player. Generally, the risk of new contestants is low. Consequently, seeing this obstruction, existing firms might need to forti fy their marking to additionally build the hindrance to enter the business. 2.2.5 Rivalry among existing Firms (High) Competition among existing firms alludes to the degree wherein firm respond to moves from different firms inside an industry (Pearce and Robinson, 2007). Because of the developing innovation like web, it permits clients to change to other organization without any than a tick (for example moving to different carriers site), this obviously would make player in the business to be extraordinary. Besides, because of requirements of high ventures (for example buying airplanes and venture on the innovation), it makes high obstruction to leave the business, as the airplanes and innovation that are costly will be rendered as no-utilization for different business. While, for organization that employ airplanes for theirâ airline administration likewise need to spend a great deal of capital and typically associated with long-contract understanding and need long time to accomplish earn back the original investment point or increase benefit. Also, by the appearance of spending aircrafts which off er an incentive for cash carrier administration it influences the opposition in carrier industry to turn out to be progressively serious. In general, the force of contention among existing firms is high. Along these lines, carrier firms might need to keep enhance their administration and adapt up to the propelling innovation so they will have the option to offer development and better support for better situation at advertise.

Dirty Facts About Thesis Writing Revealed

Dirty Facts About Thesis Writing Revealed With our essay help you may be certain nobody shall get a better mark for the work than you. A thesis is the consequence of an extended thinking approach. To select the thesis topic has become the most important step of the entire writing process. The entire project needs to have a very clear goal and each portion of the break down project. If you wonder how to begin a thesis, pick a particular topic as opposed to a general one. It's important before structuring the thesis to think about the very first argument that came into mind once you thought of your topic. Now you have a topic for your paper, think about what you would like to say regarding the topic. Make certain you shape the subject of your paper such that you're ready to get to the middle of the topic. A History of Thesis Writing Refuted Just consider it how many terrific things you might do instead of boring writing. As they say, a very good writer is always a superb r eader, same goes for writing a thesis. Being among the ideal dissertation writing services known on the marketplace is a huge thing. If you have issues with to compose a thesis sentence writing your papers, trust us and find the ideal support. The 5-Minute Rule for Thesis Writing Writing a thesis sentence can be a really vexing experience. It is a long essay paper that contains all the research done by the writer. Nowadays you have a working thesis! Your thesis has become the most significant part your writing. A Startling Fact about Thesis Writing Uncovered Employing the web is among the best strategies to research well. To learn what your controlling idea is, you need to examine and rate your evidence. Or you might have to revise your thesis to coordinate with the evidence and insights that you need to go over. It's also important to incorporate some contradictory evidence. On and you will find lots of customer and writer reviews. If you're interested in hiring a dissertation writing service york assist you with the doctoral paper, then you'll appreciate the subsequent reviews of 3 top PhD writing. Our crew of native writers in the thesis writing facilitate final superior tutorial documents in accordance with the many university standards or tips. It's observable there are scores of dissertation writing services readily. Dissertation paper writing services are offered to master and PhD students based on their need. Writing in college often requires the shape of persuasionconvincing others that you've got an interesting, logical perspective on the subject you're studying. Thesis usually means a lengthy bit of writing normally that's done for earning degree at university. You must begin working and then you have to get started working on bit of the thinking that comes to your mind when you must write PhD Thesis. If you get essays online, it's really important to understand whether the work is still in process or has been finished. Fi nding good sources for your thesis is difficult but it is quite essential if you would like to turn in a superior research paper. Academic papers can be hard to check and correct which is the reason why it's advisable to find support from professional services and sentences checker free of charge. Research papers can be enjoyable and fascinating, especially if you're in a position to unearth noteworthy and distinctive research paper sources. Thesis Writing Secrets That No One Else Knows About Unfortunately, it frequently happens to compose a to whom it may concern letter that students don't provide references. A thesis is a substantial original body of work produced by means of a student and set in written form. Of all Of the students who are. Most ESL students learning to compose an English passage have a difficult time understanding the point of a thesis statement. The thesis writers are so much qualified that there are going to not be any plagiarism in the slightest. It plays a major role in granting academic excellence. To put it differently, the thesis ought to be a roadmap to the remaining portion of the essay. The Upside to Thesis Writing Start with a purpose statement that you'll later become a thesis statement. Though your thesis does include each of the essential elements, the wording is less than perfect, and it's still true that you should revise for clarity and fashion. Writing thesis is extremely critical as it involves various technical terms and bulk of information. It is very important to include definition of terms in your thesis or dissertation in order to know the crucial terms used in the research. Your paper should explain what's unique about treehouses should you wish to earn a strong argument. In reality, our treehouse thesis is most likely an exceptionally simple example. If you're writing a thesis for the very first time, you should be careful and take time to prepare a great paper. The Foolproof Thesis Writing St rategy Proposal writing is a style of defining problems with regard to necessary heights of. Your CV is the initial step for your fantasy job as it's the very first matter to be noticed by the recruiters and by thinking about the different CVs they shortlist the candidates from a variety of applications they've attained. You might have the data in any format, we'll make it resemble a speaking bot. While such a report may be informative for you or a couple of treehouse novices, it wouldn't produce anything new in the repertoire of treehouse literature, and for that reason would just be repeating information that is already established. Both the argument and your thesis are most likely to want adjustment on the way. If your assignment asks you to have a position or create a claim about a subject, you might need to convey that position or claim in a thesis statement close to the commencement of your draft. Ever since your thesis statement will be just one sentence at the conclus ion of your introductory paragraph, you have to choose the most compelling argument for your statement. The thesis must relate to a particular point about the quick story like the argumentative point you need to explain or defend.

Social Medi Developing Critical Thinking - 886 Words

One of the ideas associated with lifelong learning is â€Å"developing critical thinking.† This is something I must work on in my day to day life. Not just for my career but I think critical thinking is a key characteristic that enables us to be interesting. From critical thinking comes solid questions with exciting answers. One of the areas in my career I’m making a strong push to expand and improve is networking. So when presented the opportunity to take the networking seminar I did. I think the conversation Andrew and Jeffrey had was interesting. I agree with Andrew when he said LinkdIn really is the future of networking. Social media certainly has modified how we go about looking for jobs these days. According to â€Å"Calvà ³-Armengol and Jackson (2004) the importance of social media in the work market has expanded considerably. The results of a survey show that 50% of the vacancies in Massachusetts were filled with the help of social networks.† I too have a LinkdIn account and use it to connect with some of my peers/coworkers as well as people i don’t know or haven’t had the privilege or opportunity to meet. In this seminar Andrew talked about the three tiers of networking and I found one area overlapped with something I spoke about previously. Andrew was talking about how most people find it difficult to walk up to a stranger and talk about themselves. He mentioned that a good way to conquer this fear was to prepare something before the upcoming networking event andShow MoreRelatedSocial Work : A Field Of Interest Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Work is a field of interest to me because of the positive effort it contributes to society. Within the social work profession individuals are striving to improve the welfare of those in need of assistance. Social Workers assist a variety of individuals; from children, young adolescents, older adults, mentally ill, substance abuse individuals, and many other minorities; as in LGBT members, veterans, homeless people, and low socioeconomic status individuals. The broad mix population fascinatesRead MoreThe New Health Care System3245 Words   |  13 Pagesapproved with the goals of increasing the affordability and quality of health care insurance. It is also aiming to decrease the number of th e uninsured citizens. Socio-Economic Values has a great impact in health care delivery. Income, education and social connectedness have been a factor why Affordable Care Act has been enacted. For example, to those who have a very low income often lack of resources and access to health care. They are unable to afford Premiums and thus will leave them uninsured.Read MoreCloud Computing Industry Analysis8100 Words   |  33 Pagesof Internet era, most of the people and majority companies in the world became dependent on the services you could get to with a click of the mouse. The best example may be the free email (Gmail/Yahoo mail), the chat technology (Yahoo Messenger), Social Networking websites (YouTube, Facebook, Twitter). One can’t imagine life without them. That’s where the cloud was born. You need cloud data centers to run that stuff. 2. Cheaper source of Technology One may look for quality or ease of access butRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesDrug Administration Subtitle D—Community Living Assistance Services and Supports Subtitle E—Miscellaneous DIVISION D—INDIAN HEALTH CARE IMPROVEMENT TITLE I—AMENDMENTS TO INDIAN LAWS TITLE II—IMPROVEMENT OF INDIAN HEALTH CARE PROVIDED UNDER THE SOCIAL SECURITY ACT 2 DIVISION A—AFFORDABLE HEALTH CARE CHOICES 3 SEC. 100. PURPOSE; TABLE OF CONTENTS OF DIVISION; 1 4 GENERAL DEFINITIONS. rmajette on DSK29S0YB1PROD with BILLS 5 (a) PURPOSE.— 6 (1) IN 7 GENERAL

Indifference and Intolerance in America in Nicholas...

An article by Nicholas Kristof titled, â€Å"Americas History of Fear† which mentions how America is not indifferent, but does not know how to deal with newcomers or immigrants. Fear and intolerance has been seen throughout America’s history. An event of this kind would be what recently happened in the Los Angeles L.A.X. airport; it was reported that a man began shooting and killed innocent people. Many people saw this person which includes his race and are now fearful. This even contributes to the reason why it is so relevant today. There has not been much change; therefor, today there are many minorities facing intolerance or indifference socially. Also, the ambivalence that many people show nowadays is similar to what most people did in the past and there are historical facts that document the struggles that have happened to many minorities like injustice. Many people may say history is irrelevant for modern days be cause it’s in the past, but is it really? Some antecedents of what has occurred to minorities are seen in the novel When The Emperor was Divine by Julie Otsuka. She mentions in her novel about what happened to many Japanese Americans how its â€Å"it’s a dark stain that won’t go away† (5). Otsuka points out a dark time in history that will not go away. With that quote, she tries to warn citizens about what occurred in the past. Even though that is history, it is still much relevant today. There are still minorities

Marketing Analysis on Garnier Fructis Shampoo (Entered in Turnitin) free essay sample

1. 0 Situation Analysis/Current Marketing Mix 1. 1 Current Product The Garnier Fructis fortifying cream shampoo colour last is one of a large assortment of shampoos on the market. In the midst of such a large range of competitors, Garnier has taken steps to make their product stand out. The product is distinctively designed with a dark red bottle, combined with a dark green cap and label. The opening cap is small and rounded and differs to the usual large opening cap of most shampoos. The general theme amongst shampoos is very bright bold colours so this products darker colours does differentiate the product. Consumers purchasing this product need cleaner hair and a product that will prolong their highlights or completely dyed hair. The product labelling reassures the consumer that the product will meet this need by describing the features of the product. The labelling describes how the product has a double action: nourishes + resists colour fading (Product label), thereby seeking to profess that they are meeting the needs of the buyer. So people in the target market of having coloured hair will be attracted to this product because of these attributes. The main consumers who buy this product are women and casual surveillance of shoppers in the health products section of the supermarket showed that a large degree of women will take two to three minutes to select a shampoo. Where this product is not available, the most probable outcome would be that consumers would select a substitute product. This is because thereaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s many available alternative shampoos on the market and they all generally do the same job and profess the same sort of benefits. The Garnier shampoo range is quite diverse with shampoos specifically for normal, dry hair, dry damaged and stressed out hair, wavy hair and of course colour last. The first four shampoo hair types though come in a green bottle, with the colour last being the only one in a red bottle. This probably reflects the fact that people with non-highlighted hair might use any of the first four hair types and people with highlighted hair mainly use the colour last. So Garnieraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s product for the later market segment is uniquely coloured to be easily identified amongst the others as people donaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t colour their hair green but may colour their hair red (colour of bottle) or any other colour. The fragrance of this product is quite unique and fragrance has been shown to be an influencing factor on a product decision. Choice magazine has evaluated the fragrances of various shampoos; Garnier Fructis Fortifying Shampoo was rated highest, having a 70% fragrance score (Browne, 2006). This is another aspect of the product which has helped differentiate Garnieraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s product. 1. 2 Current Pricing The shampoo market is highly competitive with many suppliers in the market, at varying pricing levels. Consumers have the option to purchase low, middle and high priced shampoos, with Garnier Fructis sitting around the middle to high price range. A recent visit to Coles, Karawara saw a 250ml bottle of Garnier Colour last priced at $5. 34 ($2. 14 p/100ml). Two interesting points of note on this are that most shampoos come in 400ml bottles, indicating that Garnier may be undertaking the marketing ploy of offering a decreased product size in this product to appear less expensive, as well as decreasing consumers ability to make direct price comparisons with other products. The second point is that the 400ml bottle of Garnier Colour last was priced at $8. 99 ($2. 25 p/100ml), which is actually slightly more expensive per 100ml than the smaller bottle. As most consumers would expect buying the larger bottle would be cheaper this is another example of underhand marketing tactics by Garnier. Garnieraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s colour last shampoo pricing sits above most brands, including Herbal Fusion ($1. 25 p/100ml), Natures Fruits ($0. 38 p/100ml), Organic Car Colour Shield Shampoo ($0. 77 p/100ml) and is similarly priced to Panteneaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Colour therapy shampoo ($2. 45 p/100ml) and Doves range of shampoos ($2. 31 p/100m). (ColesOnline 2011) Figures used are in per 100ml as many competitors use slightly different sized bottles; in comparing prices the closest bottle sizes have been chosen. As Garnier has positioned their product towards the top of the market they have had to ensure the perceived value that their product offers is greater than cheaper alternatives. Average weekly product sales figures listed on the shelf product pricing ticket at Coles Karawara indicate 935 are sold weekly, which compares to 754 for Panteneaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s colour shampoo and 832 for the budget natures fruits shampoo. These figures suggest that Garnier has positioned their product well and consumers are influenced by the product image and quality when deciding to purchase this product. In pricing its products Garnier must consider its business costs; however the cost of making the product varies little between manufacturers. Experts say most shampoos contain the same basic ingredients: water, cleansing agents, foaming agents and a few preservatives (Shampoo: Full Report, 2010) and thus the difference in price between Garnier and other brands must be driven by other costs such as marketing. Garnier does market there products quite extensively on TV, in magazines and through various other marketing mediums. Therefore Garnieraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s product is higher up the scales on price due to greater advertising costs. aâ‚ ¬? 1. 3 Current Distribution In deciding on the distribution of its product Garnier will first have looked at the type of product Fructis fortifying cream shampoo colour last is and what its characteristics are. The product is obviously a consumer product: a product bought by people for personal use and can be categorised as a convenience product. Convenience products are inexpensive frequent purchases, there is little effort needed to purchase them (Learn Marketing n. d. ). As the name might suggest convenience products need to be located widely so that they can be easily located and purchased at convenient times. In response to this knowledge Garnier has ensured its product is widely distributed. Garnier Shampoo can be found at supermarkets including Coles and IGA. Supermarkets being of course where most consumers shop for their staple products, which includes shampoo. Other locations that stock Garnieraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s shampoo include multi goods stores such as Kmart, Target and Big W. Chemists are also stockists, this list includes Priceline, Terry White Chemist and Chemmart Pharmacy (Where to Buy Garnier Products. . d. ) Consumers therefore donaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have to spend much time shopping for Garnieraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s product. This is essential as consumers are unlikely to spend much time looking for convenience products but would rather accept a substitute as discussed earlier. 1. 4 Current Promotion Garnier runs many promotions including, sales p romotions (in store specials), television promotions (commercials) and sponsorship/participation in various community events. In store specials are regularly run for Garnieraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s products to provide a short term incentive to encourage purchase of its product (Kotler et al. 2008, 484). The main purpose of this is to entice new consumers to buy Garnieraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s shampoo; be it loyal users of a competing brand or consumers who regularly switch brands. A recent example of an in store promotion is Priceline, who recently advertised in its catalogue a 25% discount off Garnier Fructis Shampoo or Conditioner 250ml. The original price was $5. 99 and the reduced price was $4. 49 (Priceline Catalogue. 2011). Television commercials run intermittently and can also be viewed via the Garnier website. A recent commercial specifically for Fructis colour last featured women in their early years (25-35yrs) leading active and social lifestyles. The commercial begins with a group of female joggers, then jumps to a cocktail bar with friends, followed by swimming and then finally to a group of friends after a bike ride. The commercial has an outdoors and active theme throughout, which is representative of the lifestyles of the target audience for Garnieraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Products. Garnier also sponsors the Surf rider foundation Love your Beach initiative, whereby volunteers are called to action to help clean up Australiaaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s favourite beaches. This is advertised on the Garnier website but is also promoted around the time of the event. Another community event that Garnier participates in is the Melbourne International Flower and Garden show. At this event Garnier treats people to a mini facial, massage or hair styling (Garnier World on Tour. 2011). People experience this within the colourful and natural backdrop of the flower and garden show. With both of these events Garnier is seeking to attract publicity and attention to its brand in a different way to traditional advertising. Philanthropic endeavours such as the sponsorship of the Love your beach initiative and handing out freebies at other events help build a positive image of the brand in peopleaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s minds. The running common theme in all these promotions (excluding in store specials), is the outdoors and leading active, healthy and natural lifeaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. In this way Garnier is being consistent in the image and brand values its portraying to its consumers. 2. 0 Segmentation Theory 2. 1 Definition and explanation of Segmentation Market segmentation can be described as the process of dividing a market into a meaningful and relatively similar and identifiable segments or groups (Martin, 2011) Business use segmentation to allow them to market different products and services to different people. People can be split into different groups through geographic, demographic, psychographic and behavioural segmentation. A particular segment may be identified through using a combination of these. Once various segments have been identified the business can evaluate the attractiveness of the segments and then decide which segments are worth marketing to and which should be ignored. Then once the target segments have been identified the business must work on product positing; that is what place the product occupies in consumeraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s minds relative to competing products (Kotler et al. 2008, 246). In the case of Garnieraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s shampoo colour last, consumeraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s impression or feelings about the shampoo may be that itaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a superior quality shampoo that will do a better job than competing brands. Finally the firm must decide on the products price, place and promotion, using the knowledge gathered and decisions made in the earlier steps. 2. 2 Three Benefits of Garnieraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s brand use of Segmentation The use of segmentation provides Garnier with the primary benefit of being able to provide higher value to customers by developing a market mix that address the specific need and concerns of the selected market (Restrepo. 003). In doing so Garnier receives a more loyal customer base that will decrease brand switching. Another benefit that Garnier receives through segmentation is that they can charge higher prices for each of its products as the individual products provide greater value to or perceived greater value to its customers. A product that provides high value to a specific segment can be priced higher than a generic product that provides average value to many segments. Thus the design and marketing of products to different segments allows Garnier to charge higher prices across the board. The segmenting of the market allows Garnier to develop and implement more effective marketing campaigns as advertising and other customer interactions can be specifically tailored to the target segment. The consumers targeted in Garnieraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s campaigns will notice and recall the advertisements to a greater degree as the consumer will feel as if the advert is talking to them specifically. 3. 0 Target Market Identification Geographic Description Geographically, Garnieraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s target market is located around the inner city suburbs of Australia capital cities. Garnieraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s products are of course sold all over Australia as all the states have consumers with similar needs and wants. Inner city areas have very dense populations and so people are always around and close to other people, hence the need to keep their hair looking good. The climate is warm most of the year round, except for three months in winter. Demographic Description The socioeconomic status of the target market is middle class. The household is made up of an adult female (25-35 yrs), adult male (25-35yrs) and one or two small children. The female may work as a personal assistant or middle tier worker in a city firm. The male is a manager in a large retail store or service business. Both adults have diplomas or degrees. Household income is between one hundred thousand and one hundred and thirty thousand. Psychographic Description The consumers of Garnieraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s products have lots of activities in their life including jogging, social tennis, swimming, shopping and eating out. They are interested in the latest fashions including clothes and hairstyles. They believe looking good is an indicator of success and happiness. They therefore can be classed as having busy and social lifestyles, spending much time outdoors and on the go. The primary VALS2 category of consumers would be achievers. People categorised as achievers strive for success and achieve it, they are committed to their work and have high job satisfaction. Importantly though they like to purchase products that demonstrate their success. Garnieraâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s consumers have sociable and outgoing personalities. They like to live in the moment and experience new things. They have very good inter-personal skill which allows them to be in touch with other peopleaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s feelings and needs. They are liked by everyone and always try hard to entertain and engage friends in a welcoming open way. Behavioural Description Users of Garnier are seeking the following benefits: Softer and silkier hair, to feel healthier, to feel clean, the repair of split ends and the prolonging of hair highlights. Women use the product frequently; using during showering once every other day or more. So is used on a routine basis rather than just for special occasions or big nights out. Consumers will be somewhat loyal to the product where they will generally buy Garnier Fructis, but may be swayed from time to time to competing products when a price promotion is on. Some consumers may also rotate there use of different brands of shampoos, staying with each for a month or so before trying another brand. This may be motivated by the feeling that their hair becomes immune to the effects of a shampoo over time. Attitudes towards Garnier is generally positive, they like the product attributes and the brand image. Though being a staple good they wonaâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be excessively enthusiastic about the product, but will favour it in general. aâ‚ ¬? Reference List Browne, K. 2006. Shampoo Review and Compare. http://www. choice. com. au/reviews-and-tests (accessed April 3, 2011) ColesOnline. 011. https://www. colesonline. com. au (accessed March 19, 2011). Garnier World on Tour. 2011. http://www. garnier. com. au/_en/_au/news/world-on-tour. aspx (accessed April 3, 2011) Learn Marketing. n. d. Consumer Good Classifications. http://www. learnmarketing. net/consumergoods. htm (accessed April 1, 2011) Martin, C. (2011) Lecture 3: Market Segmentation, ta rgeting and positioning. PowerPoint slides. Retrieved from Curtin University of Technology BlackBoard Web Site: http://lms. urtin. edu. au/webapps/portal (accessed April 1, 2011) Priceline Catalogue. 2011. http://priceline. dynamiccatalogue. com. au/ (accessed April 3, 2011) Restrepo, J. 2003. Segmentation-Targeting-Positioning. http://www. eurekafacts. com/Company/documents/STPWhitePaper. pdf (accessed April 1, 2011) Shampoo: Full Report. 2010. http://www. consumersearch. com/shampoo-reviews/best-shampoo (accessed April 3, 2011) Where to Buy Garnier Products. n. d. http://www. garnier. com. au/_en/_au/our_products/where_to_buy. aspx (accessed April 1, 2011)

Ethical Dilemmas in The Case of Wilma

Identifying the Problem A code of ethics is very important in the professional lives of people in different professions. However, a code of ethics cannot replace human minds that have the ability to question, judge, experience emotions, and even act depending on different situations. Ethical codes cannot replace the struggles that people in helping professions like counseling go through with simple quick solutions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ethical Dilemmas in The Case of Wilma specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The ethical struggles are sometimes unique situations, puzzling questions and demanding personal responsibilities that call for practical solutions not clearly stated in the codes of ethics. Sometimes conflicts arise between unclear codes of ethics and the need for practical solutions thereby presenting dilemmas. The case of Wilma, a counselor in a community agency, and Donna who is a client suffering from an anxiety disorder and panic attack is a real dilemma. Wilma discusses information that is considered private by Donna in a public place. The right to privacy implies that the decision of information such as opinions, emotions and personal data that someone is willing to share with other people is at an individual’s discretion. There is also a problem of breach of confidentiality on Wilma’s side. The code of professional ethics requires Wilma to keep the information she has on Donna a secret (American Counseling Association, 2005). The code of ethics applies even if the information seems harmless. There is a moral obligation by Wilma to ensure that Donna adheres to her treatment plan and gets better from her current situation hence the dilemma as stated in article 7.B.1 (South Carolina Department of Labor Licensing and Regulation, 2006). The simple fact that Wilma makes an inquiry on Donna’s progress in the presence of another person is a breach of privacy. Wilma’s frustration with Donna’s laxity with the homework she is given during the therapy session causes her to ask Donna about the homework. The context in which the confrontation occurs is wrong as both are in a public place. Furthermore, Wilma is not alone since she is in the company of a friend. Perhaps Donna’s visits to the community agency counseling center are a secret and the information divulged to anyone else may lead to further complications especially now that she is being helped overcome her condition of panic and anxiety. There is a possibility that Wilma is the reason Donna is not able to complete all her homework. They may be having problems such as a personality clash or a situation where Wilma is not competent enough to handle Donna’s case. A case of fidelity presents itself in this situation. The situation is a combination of an ethical and a clinical issue. An ethical issue arises due to the breach of the right to privacy a nd confidentiality. A clinical issue, on the other hand, comes about as the context in which the confrontation occurs may be a precipitating factor in a panic attack episode. Donna may get a panic attack as a result of the counselor’s indiscriminate behavior.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Applying the ACA Code of Ethics Wilma’s conduct is evidently inappropriate according to the American Counselors’ Association (ACA) Code of Ethics. Section B.I.b code of ethics on respect for privacy states that, â€Å"Counselors respect client rights to privacy. Counselors solicit private information from clients only when it is beneficial to the counseling process† (ACA, 2005, p. 8). At the specific moment, there is no therapeutic process in play hence a breach of ethics. In section B subsection 1.c, there is a code concerning respect for confidentiality, which re quires â€Å"counselors do not share confidential information without client consent or without sound legal or ethical justification† (American Counseling Association, 2005, p. 8). Wilma shares Donna’s issues from a personal perspective. The concern does not appear therapeutic since it is out of frustration that she chooses to check on her client’s progress and not as part of the therapy sessions requirements (American Counseling Association, 2005, p.8). According to section B in subsection 3.c., the code is clear on the setting in which to divulge confidential information. It is in a public setting that Wilma makes her inquiry from Donna. Donna is a waitress in an eatery that is obviously a public place. The sessions are meant to take place in a private place where the client does not feel intimidated or have feelings of insecurity with regard to personal information in possession of the therapist. The code states that â€Å"counselors discuss confidential inf ormation only in settings in which they can reasonably ensure client privacy† (American Counseling Association, 2005, p. 8). ACA code of ethics in section C subsection 2.a requires that therapists practice according to their limits of competence. Their competence is established by things such as the counselors’ education levels, supervised experience and necessary credentials. Nature and Dimensions of the Dilemma As mentioned earlier, the situation between Wilma and Donna is an ethical dilemma. This is a pure dilemma as the ACA codes of ethics require that Wilma maintains confidentiality unless otherwise stated. Nevertheless, an obligation stated in the principle of beneficence binds Wilma to ensure that Donna gets well. The fact that Wilma is a counselor in a community agency also presents a possible challenge that she may not be competent enough to handle cases of anxiety and panic attack disorders yet Donna needs help to overcome her current condition. Potential Cour ses of Action There is a need for Wilma as a professional counselor to follow strict guidelines as required by the ethical decision making model. At this stage, she must identify potential action plans to solve the ethical issue presented. There may be a need to be very strict with Donna, therefore, undermining her right to autonomy. She may also choose to let Donna go if Donna is not willing to accomplish her therapeutic tasks since Donna’s well-being is largely dependent on how well she accomplishes her tasks.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Ethical Dilemmas in The Case of Wilma specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, failing to accomplish these tasks is synonymous to time wasting. A possible alternative is following Donna to her place of work and checking on her progress in private. This is likely to help her accomplish the therapeutic tasks required to make Donna get well. Wilma also has a choice of changing the therapeutic approach she uses on Donna as a new approach may yield better results. There is a chance to refer the client as Wilma may consider Donna’s case as that which is beyond her competence level. This is in accordance to chapter 36 article 7 section B.10 of South Carolina Department of Labor Licensing and Regulations (2006, p. 21), which states â€Å"when a professional counselor determines an inability to be of professional assistance to a potential or existing client, the counselor must, respectively, not initiate the counseling relationship or immediately terminate the relationship. In either event, the counselor must suggest appropriate alternatives and be knowledgeable about referral resources so that a satisfactory referral can be initiated. If the client declines the referral, the counselor shall not be obligated to continue the relationship.† Evaluating Potential Courses of Action There are possible repercussions that may arise du e to the course of action taken. The repercussions should be considered in detail for the best course of action to be applied. Since Donna has a legal right to autonomy, her freedom of choice should at all times be respected even by her therapist. The respect holds even when the choices she makes have little or no sense, for instance, the choice of not completing her therapeutic homework. There is a possibility that Donna may take actions against Wilma if her autonomy is undermined. The actions may include reporting Wilma to her seniors or even taking legal action. Wilma’s plan to release Donna from her therapeutic care may also have consequences. The consequence of this action is failure to maintain the client’s welfare to the highest possible level that is a legal duty of the counselor. Following Donna to her place of work may present a legal issue. This action can be interpreted as stalking. The final possible plan of action is referring the client. However, this ac tion may also have its shortcomings. The suggestion may not go well with Donna for reasons such as fear of the unknown.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More She can also interpret her case as so hopeless that she cannot get help elsewhere having failed in the first instance. Donna may also experience feelings of rejection since she may not consider the referral objectively and might take it personally. In such a case, it is important to let Donna know that she is special and unique and that she needs someone who understands her better. Implementing the Course of Action The most appropriate course of action in the Donna and Wilma case is to refer the client (Donna). Perhaps there are reasonable explanations why Donna fails to do her homework. These reasons may be beyond Wilma as a professional counselor. This then requires Wilma to accept that her competence is limited. Therefore, she should allow Donna to seek help elsewhere. The referral is in line with the ethical principle of veracity. The principle of veracity is the counselors’ honesty in accepting their limitations as professionals. Wilma should be careful to consider all c onsequences the situation may bring to her as a professional (Akfert, 2013). There is a need to explore all options carefully as referring Donna might bring up additional ethical issues. Wilma needs to do a critical evaluation of the decision to refer Donna and check if it is fair to do so. Wilma must consider how comfortable she can be with the decision if the same is suggested for her. She should be comfortable recommending this solution to another counselor in a similar dilemma. She should also consider the universality test, which is a necessary condition for approval of the course of action taken (Akfert, 2013). The universality test entails how well the issue goes down with the press and the community at large. The action should receive positive publicity should the information leak out to the press. Making a Follow-up The final stage in the ethical decision making model is making a follow- up. Wilma should follow up Donna’s case to check whether her referral yields the anticipated outcome. Counselors handle an array of diverse of circumstances and each clinician has his own distinct style of handling the different situations. Therefore, Wilma should accept her shortcomings in handling Donna’s case and resolving the dilemma. References Akfert, S. K. (2013). Ethical dilemmas experienced by psychological counselors working at different institutions and their attitudes and behaviors s a response to these dilemmas. Educational Sciences: Theory Practice, 12(3), 1806-1812. American Counseling Association. (2005). ACA Code of Ethics. Retrieved from https://www.counseling.org/Resources/aca-code-of-ethics.pdf South Carolina Department of Labor Licensing and Regulation. (2006). Code of regulation and code of ethics, chapter 36. Web. This research paper on Ethical Dilemmas in The Case of Wilma was written and submitted by user Georgia Schultz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

2 Easy Tips to Remember Reoccurring vs Recurring

2 Easy Tips to Remember Reoccurring vs Recurring SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve likely seen the word "recurring," but what about "reoccurring"? Is this word just a synonym for the former, or does it mean something different? In actuality, there's a lot to learn when it comes to reoccurring vs recurring. Read on to get more information about the similarities and differences between these two words, what they each look like when used in writing, and how you can know when and how to use them. Reoccurring vs Recurring: What's the Difference? The words "reoccurring" and "recurring" might look very similar, but they’re not exactly identical in meaning to each other- at least, not always. Let's start by looking at the "recurring" definition. "Recurring," which you’ve likely seen more often, is an adjective and verb that refers to something that happens again, usually repeatedly or at regular intervals. Its basic verb form is "recur." For example, you could describe a theme that comes up many times in a story as a recurring theme. Or you could call a dream you have again and again a recurring dream. Meanwhile, the adjective and verb "reoccurring" refers to something that happens again- but not necessarily repeatedly or periodically. This word originally comes from the verb "reoccur," which is simply the verb "occur" with the prefix "re" (meaning "again") attached to it. For instance, people might fear that a natural disaster will reoccur in their area (in other words, they fear it will happen again after having happened at least once). To sum up, although both "recurring" and "reoccurring" have similar definitions in that they each describe something happening again, "recurring" typically points to something that happens repeatedly or regularly, whereas "reoccurring" does NOT have any such implication. Now, let’s check that you understand these nuanced differences with reoccurring vs recurring by looking at an example: A recurring problem vs A reoccurring problem The first phrase, "a recurring problem," means that the problem has likely happened multiple times already and continues to happen or seems likely to continue happening. The second phrase, "a reoccurring problem," suggests that the problem likely happened at least once and is now happening again- but without any hint that it will continue to happen or is happening on a regular basis. Now that you've got a better grasp of reoccurring vs recurring, let's look at the history of the two words (that is, their etymology). A Brief History of Recurring vs Reoccurring As it turns out, the histories behind the words "reoccurring" and "recurring" are pretty similar. Both "recur" and "reoccur" come from the Latin word currere, which means "to run." As a result, both words mean "to run again," with "run" acting as a synonym for "happen." "Recur" is the older of the two, originating in the early 16th century, while "reoccur" came about in the 18th century. Because the word "recurring" is older and far more common than "reoccurring," there has been debate about whether "reoccurring" (and "reoccur") is an actual word. Though several older dictionaries don't have an entry for "reoccur" specifically, many recent editions do (or, at the very least, list it as a variation of "occur" under the prefix "re"). Here is an overview of the different forms for reoccurring vs recurring: Root Word/Verb Adjective Noun Verb + ing recur recurring recurrence recurring reoccur (prefix re + occur) reoccurring reoccurrence reoccurring Birthdays (and therefore birthday cakes!) recur each year. Real Examples of Recurring and Reoccurring Even though "recurring" is a more common word than "reoccurring," both words appear often in real-life newspapers and online news sources. Here, we give you several examples to show you the different uses of "reoccurring" and "recurring." Note that, in some cases, the words "recurring" and "reoccurring" are used as adjectives while in other cases are used as verbs. You’ll know a word is an adjective if it’s being used before a noun. I’ve also included a couple of examples that use the noun forms of both words ("recurrence" and "reoccurrence"). All bold emphasis in the following quotations is my own. "A new book claims understanding the meaning of these recurring dreams will transform your life." (Daily Mail) "Identify ways to keep it from reoccurring in the future, and clearly communicate the message to your entire team." (Huffington Post) "However, normal grief will always have moments of reoccurring sharpness, pain as raw as the very first day." (Huffington Post) "A reoccurring back injury limited his playing time in 2003 and 2005." (New York Times) "For instance, along with investing spare change from purchases, Acorns encourages customers to make a recurring investment of as little as $5 a month." (Los Angeles Times) "For many women who thought they had beaten breast cancer, the news that it has roared back years later comes as an especially cruel diagnosis with no clear answers for why or how it recurs." (Science Daily) "The 'Great Flood' of 1861 to 1862 is becoming more likely to reoccur as the climate warms, a new study finds." (Mashable) "Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez has confirmed that he has suffered a recurrence of the cancer he was treated for last year." (BBC) "Regulators are expected to put in place in the coming days new rules aimed at preventing a reoccurrence of last month's stunning stock market 'flash crash.'" (Seattle Times) Reoccurring or Recurring? 2 Tips for Using Both Words To wrap up, we give you two tips to help you know when and how to use both "recurring" and "reoccurring." #1: Memorize Set Phrases It can be helpful to familiarize yourself with common phrases out there that use either "recurring" or "reoccurring" (though the former is far more likely). Here are some set phrases with the word "recurring" that will likely come up often in everyday situations: Recurring dream Recurring theme Recurring character Recurring illness Recurring decimal Recurring payment Although there aren’t nearly as many set phrases with the word "reoccurring," I have noticed that many news sources use the phrase "prevent the reoccurrence of ~." The phrase seems to be used most often when referring to a one-off incident, problem, or catastrophe that has the risk of happening again. Nobody wants a stock market crash to reoccur! #2: When in Doubt, Use Recurring If you’re really not sure whether you should use "recurring" or "reoccurring," it’s always better to go with "recurring." Not only is this particular word more commonly used, but it also has a much broader meaning than "reoccurring" does. Remember that "reoccurring" refers only to something that happens again, while "recurring" can refer to something that happens again, possibly repeatedly or at regular intervals. Because "recurring" has a more diverse definition, it’ll always be the safer bet! What’s Next? You've likely heard of metaphors, but how do they differ from similes? Check out our detailed metaphor vs simile guideto learn just how different these two literary devices really are. What exactly is an oxymoron? See real examples of oxymorons from literature and learn how to use them in your own writing. Prepping for the SAT? Then you'll definitely want to look at our comprehensive list of the 262 SAT vocab words you must know. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Hannah Muniz About the Author Hannah received her MA in Japanese Studies from the University of Michigan and holds a bachelor's degree from the University of Southern California. From 2013 to 2015, she taught English in Japan via the JET Program. She is passionate about education, writing, and travel. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. No spam ever. hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: '360031', formId: '2167ba30-e68e-4777-b88d-8bf3c84579af', formInstanceId: '2', submitButtonClass: 'btn-red-light btn', target: '#hubspot-container2', redirectUrl: 'http://ww2.prepscholar.com/blog-subscribe-thank-you', css: '.post-bottom .hs-form.stacked label {display:none;} .post-bottom .hs-form.stacked .field div.input {padding-top: 55px; padding-left: 300px;} .post-bottom .hs-input {width: 220px} .post-bottom .btn-primary, .hs-button.primary {margin-top:0px; padding-left:350px} .post-bottom .hs-form-field {margin-bottom:5px}' }); $(function(){ $(".exclusive-tip-form #hubspot-container2 label").hide(); }); function replace_tag(a, b){ $(a).each(function(index) { var thisTD = this; var newElement = $(""); $.each(this.attributes, function(index) { $(newElement).attr(thisTD.attributes[index].name, thisTD.attributes[index].value); }); $(this).after(newElement).remove(); }); } $(function(){ replace_tag($(".posts-by-topic h3"), "h2"); }) Ask a Question BelowHave any questions about this article or other topics? Ask below and we'll reply! Search the Blog Search jQuery(function(){ var $ = jQuery; var url = 'http://google.com/search?q=site:' + location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname + ' '; var $searchModule = $('.hs-search-module.ae6040f2-d753-4329-9c97-0ed1419e15c0'); var $input = $searchModule.find('input'); var $button = $searchModule.find('.hs-button.primary'); if (false) { $input.val(decodeURIComponent(location.pathname.split('/').join(' ').split('.').join(' ').split('-').join(' ').split('_').join(''))); } $button.click(function(){ var newUrl = url + $input.val(); var win = window.open(newUrl, '_blank'); if (win) { //Browser has allowed it to be opened win.focus(); } else { //Browser has blocked it location.href = newUrl; } }); $input.keypress(function(e){ if (e.keyCode !== 13) return; e.preventDefault(); $button.click(); }); }); Improve With Our Famous Guides SATPrep ACTPrep For All Students The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 160+ SAT Points How to Get a Perfect 1600, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section: Score 800 on SAT Math Score 800 on SAT Reading Score 800 on SAT Writing Series: How to Get to 600 on Each SAT Section: Score 600 on SAT Math Score 600 on SAT Reading Score 600 on SAT Writing Free Complete Official SAT Practice Tests What SAT Target Score Should You Be Aiming For? 15 Strategies to Improve Your SAT Essay The 5 Strategies You Must Be Using to Improve 4+ ACT Points How to Get a Perfect 36 ACT, by a Perfect Scorer Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section: 36 on ACT English 36 on ACT Math 36 on ACT Reading 36 on ACT Science Series: How to Get to 24 on Each ACT Section: 24 on ACT English 24 on ACT Math 24 on ACT Reading 24 on ACT Science What ACT target score should you be aiming for? ACT Vocabulary You Must Know ACT Writing: 15 Tips to Raise Your Essay Score How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League How to Get a Perfect 4.0 GPA How to Write an Amazing College Essay What Exactly Are Colleges Looking For? Is the ACT easier than the SAT? A Comprehensive Guide Should you retake your SAT or ACT? When should you take the SAT or ACT? Michael improved by 370 POINTS! Find Out How Stay Informed Get the latest articles and test prep tips! Looking for Graduate School Test Prep? Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here: GRE Online Prep Blog GMAT Online Prep Blog TOEFL Online Prep Blog

Law fo business (Individual) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law fo business (Individual) - Essay Example We also have Megastores in Cornwall, who supplied the toy to the retailer. And we have the Chen Organisation in China, who manufactured the toy. Also, it must be noted that Mrs. Sharma has two different causes of action, one based upon contract and one based upon torts. The tort cause of action is based upon product liability. The rule regarding product liability can be found in Donoghue v. Stevenson, a famous 1932 case that stated that was the first case to establish that a manufacturer of goods and services owes a duty of care to all consumers of the product. It is special to note that there is no need for privity, in other words, the duty of care is not just owed to the person to whom the the manufacturer has a contractual obligation. Such as in the case of Donaghue, the basic facts are that a patron of a soda shop drank a ginger beer that had the remains of a snail in the beer. She sued, and, even though she did not purchase the drink, she won. She did not have a special contractual relationship, but this was not dispositive in this case.1 While Donaghue grounded product liability actions in negligence theory, this is no longer the case. The rule regarding product liability is one of strict liability now. This rule began in 1936 with the case of Grant v. Australian Knitting Mills2, in which the defendant was held liable to the plaintiff for underwear that had too much sulphite, but Commission directives from the Pearson Commission was not enacted.3 These cases and directives led to the Consumer Protection Act 1987, which governs product liability now. This was promulgated to enact the European Community Directive on Liability for Defective Products 1985.4 The Consumer Protection Act 1987 (hereinafter â€Å"CPA†) states that â€Å"where any damage is caused wholly or partly by a defect in the product, every person to whom subsection (2) below applies shall be liable for the damage.†5 The act goes

Preventing childhood obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Preventing childhood obesity - Essay Example â€Å"Factors associated with increased risk for overweight or obesity in infancy and early childhood include excessive maternal weight gain or smoking during gestation, shorter-than-recommended duration of breast-feeding, and suboptimal amounts of sleep during infancy† (Wojcicki and Heyman). Effects of obesity on children are numerous, and for the most part, negative. Obesity makes children sluggish and intervenes in their healthy physical development. It lowers children’s self-esteem. In addition to that, obesity is also one of the main causes of such diseases and health conditions in children as high blood pressure and diabetes that are conventionally associated with adults particularly in the old age. (Kimbro and Rigby) studied the effects of the federal food policy on the obesity in children, and found that food assistance is likely to cause childhood obesity particularly in the cities where the prices of foods are high. They also found that subsidized meals offered to the children at the day care centers or in the schools help them maintain the right weight because of which, there is need to expand the poor children’s access to subsidized meals. The US government is taking serious steps to combat the epidemic of childhood obesity. One of the campaigns that have been started in the recent years is the â€Å"Let’s Move† campaign by Michelle Obama that is directed at revamping the food products’ nutritional labeling to empower the consumers and especially the parents, improving the National School Lunch Program’s nutritional value, improving the access of all communities in the US to the high-quality foods, and increasing the physical activity fo r children. This way, this campaign combats childhood obesity by making a holistic effort. â€Å"By directly emphasizing the potential risks for lifetime obesity that present in infancy and early childhood and providing the structure and direction for

How to Become a Straight a Student Essay Example for Free

How to Become a Straight a Student Essay Introduction â€Å"My friends always wondered why I was never in the library, but instead in the student center socializing, or at a party, or at an event. They said I made it ‘all look so easy. ’† Anna, a straight-A college student This is not your average college study guide. Unlike the titles next to it on the shelf, none of the advice presented here was devised by professors or self-proclaimed academic skills experts. I promise that you won’t find any mention of the Cornell note-taking method, mental map diagrams, or any other â€Å"optimal learning technique† crafted in an office or laboratory—environments far removed from the realities of typical college life. Instead, this book reveals—for the first time—the study habits used by real straight-A college students. All of the advice that follows was distilled from a series of interviews I conducted with a large group of top-scoring undergraduates. These participants were drawn predominantly from the Phi Beta Kappa rolls of some of the country’s most rigorous colleges and universities—including Harvard, Princeton, Yale, Dartmouth, Brown, Columbia, Duke, Amherst, and Skidmore—and they were carefully chosen to represent a wide variety of academic concentrations. In each interview, I asked the student to detail his or her study habits. The questions ranged from the general (â€Å"How do you defeat the urge to procrastinate? †) to the specific (â€Å"What techniques or systems do you use to locate and organize sources for a research paper? †). If the questionnaire revealed the student to be a grind—someone who earns high grades simply by studying an excessive amount—I discarded the responses. I was interested only in students who improved their grades through smarter, more efficient study skills—not through longer hours and more painful study sessions. How did I know such students existed? I am one of them. When I arrived as a freshman at Dartmouth College, I had no idea how to prepare for exams or write college-level papers. Like most students, I left high school believing that to study meant to reread your class notes and assignments as many times as possible and that paper writing required you to sit down in front of your computer and start typing until you finished. The problem, however, is that college is not high school. The material to be mastered is much more complicated and the professors have higher expectations. In the college environment, simple brute force study methods can end up requiring a lot of time and causing a lot of pain. Nevertheless, most students still rely on them. And this is why they find themselves regularly pulling all-nighters and developing an antagonistic attitude toward their courses. The taxing effects and spotty success of these methods also underlie the common belief that only geniuses and grinds can score top grades. When I first entered college, I shared in these beliefs. But soon I became dubious. It didn’t take long for me to decide that there had to be a better way to learn the material. The results of my studying using simple techniques varied widely—I’d spend all night hacking away at an essay and end up scoring a B-, or give what I thought was a frantic last-minute review for a quiz and score an A. I constantly felt like I was behind in my reading, and there always seemed to be new deadlines on the horizon that I had to scramble to meet. It was truly a chaotic existence. But when I looked around, all of my friends seemed to be having the same experience—and none of them seemed willing to question it. This didn’t sit right with me. I wasn’t content to work in long, painful stretches and then earn only slightly above-average grades for my efforts. I wanted to be exceptional. And I wanted to achieve this without having to sacrifice sleep or my social life. To many students, such a goal may sound hopelessly hubristic. But I’m an optimist by nature, and, observing the sorry state of my current study skills, I was convinced that I could do better. It took me most of my freshman year to construct, through repeated experimentation, a toolbox of sufficiently improved study habits. But once I had perfected them, the results were profound. Of the thirty-six courses I took between my sophomore and senior years of college, I scored exactly one A- and 35 perfect As. The most stunning piece of this transformation, however, was how much less time I had to spend on studying. As my strategies became more refined, the hours required were reduced. By my senior year it got to the point where, during finals periods, I would sometimes pretend to be heading off to the library just so I wouldn’t demoralize my roommates, who were preparing for yet another grim all-nighter. What was my secret? Efficiency. The simple truth is that the brute force techniques used by most students are incredibly inefficient. When it comes to exam preparation, passive review is not an effective way to learn complicated concepts. It’s also mentally draining, which further diminishes the rate at which you can absorb and internalize information. For paper writing, this same problem holds. When you approach the task without proper preparation, it becomes incredibly tiring and you can end up spinning your wheels. After a while, even the formation of coherent sentences becomes difficult and time intensive. In contrast, the techniques I came up with were so streamlined that I could learn more material than my classmates and actually spend less time studying. By eliminating stupid habits and wasted effort, I transformed exam prep and paper writing from a dreaded chore to a targeted activity. For a while, I was convinced that I was unique for having discovered such a smart approach to learning. But, alas, this illusion was soon shattered. It occurred during the winter of my senior year, when I was attending a ceremony celebrating my induction, along with thirty other classmates, into Phi Beta Kappa. This group represented, more or less, the thirty students with the highest G. P. A. s out of my class of over a thousand. Accordingly, I had arrived at the venue prepared to spend the evening with some serious nerds. As it turns out, however, I was in for a surprise. Upon walking through the door that night, I was immediately struck by how many of the other students I knew socially. These were people who, given their level of visibility on campus, I never would have imagined were scoring straight As. They were magazine editors, frat boys, and crunchy environmentalists. I knew them from parties and campus clubs and through mutual friends. They were, for the most part, normal, well-rounded, and interesting—not at all the type of super-grind one might assume would occupy such an elite level of academic achievement. The lesson of that night was obvious: Perhaps I was not, in fact, as unique as I had first imagined. Maybe there were others out there who had discovered similar secrets to academic success. The writer instincts in me soon took over. Fascinated to know exactly how these seemingly normal students had done so well, I sent all of my fellow Phi Beta Kappas a survey about their study habits. Most were happy to share their methods and I quickly confirmed that my suspicions were true. Not only were many of them using innovative, homegrown study strategies, but many of these strategies were surprisingly similar to those that I had developed during the previous few years. At the time I had just finished editing the manuscript for my first book, How to Win at College, so I wasn’t exactly eager to get started right away with another massive writing project. But after seeing these initial survey responses, I knew I had stumbled onto something big. While most college students toil arduously through the study and paper-writing processes, there exists an elite group of undergrads who have discovered unconventional strategies for earning much higher grades in much less time. I wanted to share these secrets with other students, and thus the idea for this book was born. Soon I was sending out more questionnaires to more straight-A students at colleges around the country, until I gathered enough responses, from students with enough different backgrounds and majors, to distill the advice presented in this guide. In the pages that follow, you will discover the details of these often surprising study strategies. I’ve included examples and case studies throughout the book to demonstrate how to apply the advice in many different reallife academic situations. You will learn how to: †¢ Manage your time and deal with the urge to procrastinate. †¢ Take targeted notes in class. †¢ Handle reading assignments and problem sets with ease. †¢ Prepare efficiently for exams. †¢ Master the art of exam-taking. †¢ Write incisive critical analysis essays. †¢ Conduct thorough research. †¢ Write standout term papers. Remember, this advice comes from real students and was honed, through trial and error, in real college classrooms. This distinction is important. It’s what separates this book from the many existing study guides that sit next to it on the bookstore shelf. As mentioned, most study guides are written either by professors or academic skills experts, many years separated from their own college experience. The result is that the authors of these guides are disconnected from the realities of undergraduate life. For example, How to Study, by college professors Allan Mundsack, James Deese, and Ellin K. Deese, suggests that students wake up at 7 A. M. each morning, go to sleep by 11 P. M. each night, and on many days schedule only a single hour of â€Å"recreation,† with the rest of the time dedicated to attending class, eating, or working. One gets the feeling that these professors haven’t spent much time socializing with students lately. Even their plan for Friday—the biggest party night of the week—has the student working until 10 P. M. , taking a one-hour break, then turning in by eleven. Student Success Secrets, written by Eric Jensen, a learning expert and professional public speaker, offers equally out-of-touch suggestions. His tips to help you remember concepts learned from a reading assignment include â€Å"put it in a picture or poster—use intense colors,† â€Å"act out the material or do a fun role play in your own room,† or â€Å"create or redo a song; make a rap. † Just try to imagine a sophisticated liberal arts major attempting to make a rap about her recent reading assignment concerning post-structuralist interpretations of pre-Victorian English literature! (Key question: What word rhymes with â€Å"Foucault†? ) The granddaddy of all unrealistic study guides, however, just might be What Smart Students Know, by Princeton Review cofounder Adam Robinson. In this best-selling guide, Robinson suggests—and I swear I am not making this up—that students approach a reading assignment as a twelve-step process! That’s right, twelve separate steps. Before you even crack the actual assignment, Robinson suggests that you jot down questions about the importance of the reading and then take notes on what you know about the topic, what it reminds you of, and what you want to learn. He then asks you, among other things, to read the assignment a total of three separate times, write and then rewrite your notes, represent the information in picture form, construct â€Å"question charts,† and devise mnemonics to help you memorize the concepts. Needless to say, this approach to a simple reading assignment is humorously unrealistic. I even did a little math. For a typical college-level liberal arts course, a student might be assigned an average of two hundred pages of reading a week. In his book, Robinson provides a one-page sample reading and describes twenty-three different questions that students might ask about it. At this rate of twenty-three questions per page, spending thirty seconds on each query, we would end up spending around forty hours a week (i. e. , a full-time job’s worth of time) simply completing one of the twelve steps on the reading assignments for just one class. Sounds like a great plan! These examples highlight the simple truth that the advice in most existing study guides—written by â€Å"experts,† not students—is often impractical and time consuming. How to Become a Straight-A Student, on the other hand, is the first guide based on the experiences of real college students, and it was written to provide an alternative to the other titles on the market. In the pages that follow, you will find homegrown strategies that are compatible with the demands of your day-to-day student life. They may not be as elaborate as the intricate systems devised by the â€Å"experts,† but they’re easy to implement—and they get the job done. Best of all, when you start putting these strategies into practice, you will experience immediate results. Keep in mind: If you find a piece of advice that doesn’t quite fit your needs or circumstances, that’s okay. In fact, you should expect this. Each of the students I interviewed for this book had his or her own unique take on the best way to study. Follow their lead and, when stuck, experiment. Replace techniques you don’t like with ones that seem better. If these new techniques work, keep them; if they fail, replace them with something else. The key to improving your grades without becoming a grind cannot be found in any single study habit. It is, instead, rooted in the big picture decision to reject rote review once and for all and begin the flexible search for strategies that work better for you. Above all, remember that college is a multifaceted experience, of which grades are just one of many important pieces. It’s my hope that this book will help you painlessly conquer this one piece so you can have more time and energy to explore all of the others—the friends, the unburdened idealism, the heroic beer consumption—that make these four years so rich. A common complaint I hear from students is that they never seem to have enough time to finish all of their work. They vent about how many hours they spend—late nights reviewing in the library, weekends sacrificed to paper writing—but no matter how hard they try, there always seems to be something else due. As Matthew, a straight-A student from Brown, explains, it’s easy for college students to become â€Å"stuck in a state of permanent catch-up. † Understandably, these students feel like they have reached their academic limit; they believe that unless they forgo sleep or any semblance of a social life, there are simply not enough hours in the day to stay on top of all their schoolwork. Let’s start by getting one thing clear: This belief is false. The problem here is not the amount of available hours, but rather how each hour is spent. I know this from firsthand experience. While researching this book, I spent time with some of the country’s most accomplished students, and I can assure you that no matter how diligent you think you are, there is a Rhodes scholar out there who fits in three times the amount of work and activities you do and probably still manages to party harder than you would ever dare. I don’t mean to imply that everyone should aim to become a drunken Rhodes scholar (though it would certainly be fun to try); rather, my point is that a surprising amount of work, relaxation, and socializing can be extracted from a single twelve-hour day. A lack of time, therefore, isn’t enough to explain why so many students feel overwhelmed. So what does explain this phenomenon? The answer, as it turns out, has much more to do with how we work than what we’re trying to accomplish. As humans, our minds have evolved to prefer short-term tasks such as â€Å"run away from that lion† or â€Å"eat food. † Therefore, when you walk into the library on a Sunday morning with the goal of finishing all of your homework and writing a paper, your brain isn’t happy. The idea of spending eight consecutive hours trapped in a study carrel is dispiriting. Plus, it’s hard to focus for that long, so pretty soon fatigue will set in, your concentration will wander, and every distraction will suddenly seem impossibly appealing. Before you know it, the day will be over and you’ll realize that you haven’t accomplished much productive work at all. The next day, new assignments will pile onto those you didn’t finish on Sunday, and the tedious process starts all over again. Jason, a straight-A student from the University of Pennsylvania, uses the term â€Å"pseudo-working† to describe this common approach to studying. The pseudo-worker looks and feels like someone who is working hard—he or she spends a long time in the library and is not afraid to push on late into the night—but, because of a lack of focus and concentration, doesn’t actually accomplish much. This bad habit is endemic on most college campuses. For example, at Dartmouth there was a section of the main library that was open twenty-four hours a day, and the students I used to see in there late at night huddled in groups, gulping coffee and griping about their hardships, were definitely pseudo-working. The roommate who flips through her chemistry notes on the couch while watching TV is pseudo-working. The guy who brings three meals, a blanket, and six-pack of Red Bull to the study lounge in preparation for an all-day paper-writing marathon is also pseudo-working. By placing themselves in distracting environments and insisting on working in long tedious stretches, these students are crippling their brain’s ability to think clearly and efficiently accomplish the task at hand. The result is fatigue headaches and lackluster outcomes. The bigger problem here is that most students don’t even realize that they’re pseudo-working. To them pseudo-work is work—it’s how they’ve always done it, and it’s how all of their friends do it. It never crosses their mind that there might be a better way. Straight-A students, on the other hand, know all about pseudo-work. They fear it, and for good reason. It not only wastes time, but it’s also mentally draining. There is just no way to be wellbalanced, happy, and academically successful if you’re regularly burning through your free hours in long, painful stretches of inefficient studying. The students I interviewed for this book emphasized again and again the importance of avoiding this trap. In fact, when asked what one skill was most important in becoming a non-grind straight-A student, most of them cited the ability to get work done quickly and with a minimum of wasted effort. So how do these students achieve this goal? A big part of the solution is timing—they gain efficiency by compressing work into focused bursts. To understand the power of this approach, consider the following simple formula: work accomplished = time spent x intensity of focus Pseudo-work features a very low intensity of focus. Therefore, to accomplish something by pseudo-working, you need to spend a lot of time. The straight-A approach, on the other hand, maximizes intensity in order to minimize time. For example, let’s rank intensity on a scale of 1 to 10 (with 10 being the most intense). Assume it takes ten hours to finish studying for a test by pseudo-working with a low intensity score of 3. According to our formula, this same amount of work can be accomplished in only three one-hour bursts, each with an intensity of 10. The work that took you all day Sunday to complete could instead be finished by studying an hour after breakfast, an hour after lunch, and an hour after dinner—the rest of the day being free for you to relax! With this formula in mind, you can begin to understand why many straight-A students actually study less than their classmates: They replace long, low-intensity stretches of work with a small number of short, high-intensity sessions. Of course, this is not the whole story behind their success; what straight-A students actually do in these short bursts is also crucial—technique is just as important as timing. Part Two (Quizzes and Exams) and Part Three (Essays and Papers) of this book are dedicated to these technical details. But learning how to follow an efficient schedule, and banishing pseudo-work from your college experience for good, is a crucial first step toward your academic overhaul. To accomplish this transformation, however, you will need to gain control over your lifestyle—and that’s often no small task. For example, you will need to spread out the intense work sessions so that you have time in between to recharge. This requires basic time-management skills. You’re also going to have to overcome your urge to procrastinate, because scheduling your work is meaningless if you don’t actually work in the time you set aside. This requires self-motivation. Finally, to obtain the highest possible levels of intensity, you need to choose the right locations, times of day, and durations to study. If you aren’t careful about how you select these three factors, you can unintentionally sabotage your ability to focus. This requires a smart planning strategy. Part One will teach you how to satisfy these requirements. It begins with the presentation of a simple timemanagement system, customized for the busy college lifestyle. Don’t be frightened, the system is incredibly lightweight—it’s designed to require only five minutes a day of planning and can survive periods of neglect. Part One then continues with a collection of battle-tested strategies to help you fight procrastination. This advice comes straight from the experiences of real students and has been proven to work amid the chaos and distractions of the typical undergraduate lifestyle—it is simple, easy to apply, and surprisingly effective. This part concludes with a discussion of when during the day, where on campus, and for how long to study to maximize your productivity. The students interviewed for this book experimented extensively to find the right answers to these key questions, and, in this final step, I pass these answers on to you. Together, these basic skills are the foundation upon which all the advice in this book is built. Without them, you’ll be unable to implement the specific study techniques described in the parts that follow. Master them, however, and you will experience improvements in all aspects of your life—not just grades. You’ll have more free time, you’ll get the sleep you crave, you’ll party harder, and you’ll be able to devote more energy to your extracurricular interests. So relax. You are about to take your first step toward a much more enjoyable and productive college experience. Step 1. Manage Your Time in Five Minutes a Day Real straight-A students, like most reasonable students, hate time management. After all, college is supposed to be about intellectual curiosity, making new friends, and becoming obsessed with needlessly complicated drinking games. An overwhelming interest in time management is best left to harried business executives (or, perhaps, premeds). At the same time, however, you can’t abandon all attempts to keep tabs on your schedule. As mentioned in the introduction to Part One, all of the techniques described in this book require some ability to control your schedule. Ignore this skill, and you doom yourself to four long years of playing catch-up with your work. As Doris, a straight-A student from Harvard, states: â€Å"Time management is critical—it’s a skill that you absolutely must develop over the course of your time at college. † Most students, however, misunderstand the purpose of time management—they believe it’s used only to cram as much work as possible into the day. But this is not the main motivation behind controlling your schedule. As it turns out, a little planning goes a long way toward reducing your daily stress levels. Having deadlines and  obligations floating around in your mind is exhausting—it makes it impossible to completely relax, and, over time, can lead you down the path toward a breakdown. However, once you figure out what work needs to be done and when, it’s like a weight being lifted from your shoulders. The uncertainty vanishes: When you work, you can fully concentrate on the assignment in front of you, and when you relax, you can do so without any anxiety. â€Å"I don’t believe in giving up anything,† says Jenna, a straight-A student from Princeton. â€Å"Not my social life, not my extracurricular activities, not my academic success. † Basic control over your schedule breeds balance. This is why time management, as Doris stated earlier, is the key to getting the most out of all aspects of your college experience. The goal of Step #1 is to present a time-management system that helps you achieve this stress-free balance without requiring you to sacrifice the spontaneity and excitement of college. Specifically, we present a system tailored to the typical undergraduate lifestyle that meets the following criteria: 1. Requires no more than five to ten minutes of effort in a single twenty-four-hour period. 2. Doesn’t force an unchangeable minute-by-minute schedule on your day. 3. Helps you remember, plan, and complete important tasks before the very last moment. 4. Can be quickly restarted after periods of neglect. We will cover the details of this system in a few simple steps and then conclude with a detailed case study so you can see how it works in a realistic setting. What You Need This system requires two pieces of equipment. 1. A calendar: It doesn’t matter what type of calendar, and it’s not something that you have to carry around with you. It can be Microsoft Outlook or iCal on your computer, a cheap day planner, or one of those advertisement-laden freebies they hand out at orientation. It just has to be something that you can reference every morning that has enough space to record at least a dozen items for each day. 2. A list: Some piece of writing material that you can update throughout the day. This you do have to carry around with you, so make it something simple, like a sheet of paper ripped out of a notebook each morning. The Basic Idea Record all of your to-dos and deadlines on your calendar. This becomes your master schedule, the one place that stores everything you need to do. The key to our system, however, is that you need to deal with your calendar only once every twenty-four hours. Each morning, you look at it to figure out what you should try to finish that day. Then, throughout the day, whenever you encounter a new to-do or deadline, simply jot it down on your list. The next morning, you can transfer this new stuff from your list onto your calendar, where it’s safe. And we’re back where we started. That’s it. Pretty simple, right? The whole system can be summarized in three easy steps: (1) Jot down new tasks and assignments on your list during the day; (2) next morning, transfer these new items from your list onto your calendar; and (3) then take a couple of minutes to plan your day. Now, we’ll examine these steps in a little more detail. In particular, we need some strategies for how to plan your day each morning using your calendar and what to do when unexpected events interfere and turn that plan upside down (trust me, this will happen more often than not). Update Your Calendar Each Morning This is where the magic happens. Every morning, spend a few minutes to update your calendar and figure out what you should try to accomplish. This is the only serious time-management thinking you have to do for the whole day, so the demand is pretty reasonable. This updating process should proceed as follows: Find your list from the day before. It will probably look something like the example described in Figure 1. Don’t worry too much about how this list is formatted; we will discuss that shortly. For now, focus on the â€Å"things to remember† column, which contains the new to-dos and deadlines that were jotted down throughout the day. Figure 1. Sample List Tuesday—1/24/06 Today’s Schedule †¢ 10:00 to 12:00 Econ class †¢ 12:00 to 1:00 Lunch with Rob †¢ 1:00 to 1:45 Government reading †¢ 2:00 to 4:00 Government class †¢ 4:00 to 5:30 Finish government reading. †¢ 5:30 to 6:30 Start French essay Things to Remember †¢ Econ study group, Thur. at 9 P. M. †¢ French quiz moved to Friday. †¢ Laundry †¢ Start researching summer internship opportunities. Transfer these new items onto your calendar. Write the deadlines on the appropriate dates, and write the todos on the days when you plan to complete them. Following the example of our sample list, you would first jot down the econ study group time under Thursday’s date and the French quiz under Friday’s date. You would then choose a day to do laundry and jot down a reminder under that date, and choose a day to start internship research and  jot down a reminder under this date . You can move these items around on your calendar as many times as you want, so don’t worry too much about which date you initially choose for a new to-do. However, try to use some common sense. For example, if Wednesday afternoon and evening are packed with meetings and work, this might not be the best day to schedule doing your laundry. Similarly, if you have a big test Monday morning, don’t schedule a lot of annoying errands for Sunday; you’ll need your concentration for studying. If something is not especially time sensitive, such as the internship research example from above, don’t be afraid to put it on a day far in the future, at a point when you know you will be less busy—such as right after midterms or at the beginning of a new semester. Next, move the to-dos that you planned for yesterday, but didn’t complete, to new days on your calendar. In our sample list from Figure 1, the Today’s Schedule column describes to-dos planned from the day before. As you can see, in this example, all the to-dos were completed except the â€Å"Start French essay† task, so you would need to move this task to a new date. At this point, your calendar once again holds everything that you need to get done. Now it’s time to figure out your plan for the current day. Go ahead and trash yesterday’s list—it’s served its purpose—and grab a fresh sheet of paper to use as today’s list. Divide it into two columns, as shown in Figure 1, and label them Today’s Schedule and Things to Remember, respectively. Next, look at the calendar entry for the current day. It will probably contain a handful of appointments and todos. Your goal is to figure out how much of this work you can realistically accomplish. You might be tempted to simply copy all of these tasks into your Today’s Schedule column and then treat it as a simple to-do list for the day. Don’t do this! If you want to avoid getting overwhelmed by your work, you need to be smarter about your time. Here is what you should do instead: Try to label each of your to-dos for the day with a specific time period during which you are going to complete it. Be honest. Don’t record that you are going to study for three hours starting at three if you know that you have a meeting at five. And be reasonable about how long things really take—don’t plan to read two hundred pages in one hour. For simplicity, group many little tasks (errands that take less than ten minutes) into one big block (for example: â€Å"10:00 to 10:45—mail letter, return library book, buy new deodorant, fill out transcript request form at registrar†). Leave plenty of time for breaks. Give yourself an hour for meals, not twenty minutes. And, if possible, end your day at an appropriate hour; don’t try to fit in work right up until sleep time because you need to be able to unwind and relax. In general—though it may seem counterintuitive—be pessimistic. The truth is: Things will come up. Don’t assume that every hour that looks free in the morning will stay free throughout the day. Remember, the goal here is not to squeeze everything into one day at all costs, but rather to find out how many of the tasks listed for the day you actually have time to accomplish. If you can’t fit all the to-dos into your schedule for the day, no problem! Simply move the remaining items onto the calendar entries for future dates. You can deal with them later. Your final step is to record the tasks you will have time for into the Today’s Schedule column of your list. As shown in Figure 1, label each task with its time. That’s it. You can now reference your list throughout the day to remind yourself of what you should be doing and when. But here’s the important point: The specific times on your schedule aren’t set in stone—they’re more of a suggestion. As we will discuss shortly, you will be free to move tasks around throughout the day, depending on your energy level and unexpected events that may arise.